Journal Description
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, published semimonthly online by MDPI. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. The Spanish Carbon Group (GEC) is affiliated with Nanomaterials and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Physics, Applied) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Chemical Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journals for Nanomaterials include: Nanomanufacturing and Applied Nano.
Impact Factor:
5.3 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Terahertz Biosensor Engineering Based on Quasi-BIC Metasurface with Ultrasensitive Detection
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090799 (registering DOI) - 04 May 2024
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) sensors have attracted great attention in the biological field due to their nondestructive and contact-free biochemical samples. Recently, the concept of a quasi-bound state in the continuum (QBIC) has gained significant attention in designing biosensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. QBIC-based metasurfaces (MSs)
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Terahertz (THz) sensors have attracted great attention in the biological field due to their nondestructive and contact-free biochemical samples. Recently, the concept of a quasi-bound state in the continuum (QBIC) has gained significant attention in designing biosensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. QBIC-based metasurfaces (MSs) achieve excellent performance in various applications, including sensing, optical switching, and laser, providing a reliable platform for biomaterial sensors with terahertz radiation. In this study, a structure-engineered THz MS consisting of a “double C” array has been designed, in which an asymmetry parameter α is introduced into the structure by changing the length of one subunit; the Q-factor of the QBIC device can be optimized by engineering the asymmetry parameter α. Theoretical calculation with coupling equations can well reproduce the THz transmission spectra of the designed THz QBIC MS obtained from the numerical simulation. Experimentally, we adopt an MS with α = 0.44 for testing arginine molecules. The experimental results show that different concentrations of arginine molecules lead to significant transmission changes near QBIC resonant frequencies, and the amplitude change is shown to be 16 times higher than that of the classical dipole resonance. The direct limit of detection for arginine molecules on the QBIC MS reaches 0.36 ng/mL. This work provides a new way to realize rapid, accurate, and nondestructive sensing of trace molecules and has potential application in biomaterial detection.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plasmonics, Metamaterials, Nanophotonics and Their Applications of Light Modulation and Detection)
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Open AccessArticle
The Effects of Irradiation on the Improvement in Oxidation Behavior of MX-ODS Steel in Liquid Pb
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Yuwen Xu, Shijing Xie, Jie Qiu, Cunfeng Yao, Wei Yan, Yanfen Li, Chongdou Yang, Shaoqiang Guo, Long Gu and Di Yun
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090798 (registering DOI) - 04 May 2024
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Lead-cooled fast reactors exhibit strong inherent safety performance and good economic features, while material degradation due to corrosion and irradiation is still challenging. Oxide dispersion-strengthened steels are one of the promising candidates for fuel cladding materials. The effects of both irradiation and corrosion
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Lead-cooled fast reactors exhibit strong inherent safety performance and good economic features, while material degradation due to corrosion and irradiation is still challenging. Oxide dispersion-strengthened steels are one of the promising candidates for fuel cladding materials. The effects of both irradiation and corrosion on ODS steel need to be further studied. In this work, MX-ODS steel was irradiated by Fe ions at 500 °C up to 46 dpa. Later, the as-received specimen and the irradiated specimen were used to conduct corrosion tests in oxygen-saturated Pb at 550 °C for 1 h. In the as-received specimen, discontinuous oxides penetrated by Pb and Pb in contact with steel matrix were observed, demonstrating unsatisfactory corrosion resistance of the material. However, in the irradiated specimen after corrosion experiment, a protective oxide layer formed and prevented Pb attack. The oxidation behavior differences between the two specimens can be attributed to the defects produced by irradiation and the structural discrepancy in oxides caused by the formation process. A possible mechanism of irradiation on the corrosion is discussed. In the as-received specimen, Fe atoms loss led to voids in the oxides, and lead penetrated the oxides through these voids. In the irradiated specimen, defects left by previous irradiation helped to form a more uniform oxide layer. The adhesive outer magnetite oxide and the Fe ions generated from where grain boundary oxidation developed retarded the presence of voids and made the oxide layer protective.
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Open AccessReview
Metal–Organic Framework Nanomaterials as a Medicine for Catalytic Tumor Therapy: Recent Advances
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Jiaojiao Zhang, Meiyu Li, Maosong Liu, Qian Yu, Dengfeng Ge and Jianming Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090797 - 03 May 2024
Abstract
Nanomaterials, with unique physical, chemical, and biocompatible properties, have attracted significant attention as an emerging active platform in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Amongst them, metal–organic framework (MOF) nanostructures are particularly promising as a nanomedicine due to their exceptional surface functionalities, adsorption properties, and
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Nanomaterials, with unique physical, chemical, and biocompatible properties, have attracted significant attention as an emerging active platform in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Amongst them, metal–organic framework (MOF) nanostructures are particularly promising as a nanomedicine due to their exceptional surface functionalities, adsorption properties, and organo-inorganic hybrid characteristics. Furthermore, when bioactive substances are integrated into the structure of MOFs, these materials can be used as anti-tumor agents with superior performance compared to traditional nanomaterials. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in MOFs-based materials for tumor therapy, including their application in cancer treatment and the underlying mechanisms.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Environmental Catalysis)
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Open AccessArticle
Redox-Modified Nanostructured Electrochemical Surfaces for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Complex Biological Fluids
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Sajjad Janfaza, Nandhinee Radha Shanmugam, Pawan Jolly, Prashanthi Kovur, Upasana Singh, Scott Mackay, David Wishart and Donald E. Ingber
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090796 - 03 May 2024
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Continuous glucose monitoring is valuable for people with diabetes but faces limitations due to enzyme–electrode interactions and biofouling from biological samples that reduce sensor sensitivity and the monitoring performance. We created an enzyme-based electrochemical system with a unique nanocomposite coating that incorporates the
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Continuous glucose monitoring is valuable for people with diabetes but faces limitations due to enzyme–electrode interactions and biofouling from biological samples that reduce sensor sensitivity and the monitoring performance. We created an enzyme-based electrochemical system with a unique nanocomposite coating that incorporates the redox molecule, aminoferrocene (NH2-Fc). This coating enhances stability via electroactivity and reduces nonspecific binding, as demonstrated through cyclic voltammetry. Our approach enables real-time glucose detection via chronoamperometry with a calculated linear range of 0.5 to 20 mM and a 1 mM detection limit. Validated with plasma and saliva, this platform shows promise for robust metabolite detection in clinical and research contexts. This versatile platform can be applied to accurately monitor a wide range of metabolites in various biological matrices, improving patient outcomes.
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Open AccessArticle
Super-Suppression of Long-Wavelength Phonons in Constricted Nanoporous Geometries
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P. Alex Greaney, S. Aria Hosseini, Laura de Sousa Oliveira, Alathea Davies and Neophytos Neophytou
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090795 - 03 May 2024
Abstract
In a typical semiconductor material, the majority of the heat is carried by long-wavelength, long-mean-free-path phonons. Nanostructuring strategies to reduce thermal conductivity, a promising direction in the field of thermoelectrics, place scattering centers of size and spatial separation comparable to the mean free
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In a typical semiconductor material, the majority of the heat is carried by long-wavelength, long-mean-free-path phonons. Nanostructuring strategies to reduce thermal conductivity, a promising direction in the field of thermoelectrics, place scattering centers of size and spatial separation comparable to the mean free paths of the dominant phonons to selectively scatter them. The resultant thermal conductivity is in most cases well predicted using Matthiessen’s rule. In general, however, long-wavelength phonons are not as effectively scattered as the rest of the phonon spectrum. In this work, using large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations, non-equilibrium Green’s function simulations, and Monte Carlo simulations, we show that specific nanoporous geometries that create narrow constrictions in the passage of phonons lead to anticorrelated heat currents in the phonon spectrum. This effect results in super-suppression of long-wavelength phonons due to heat trapping and reductions in the thermal conductivity to values well below those predicted by Matthiessen’s rule.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Heat Transfer Phenomena: Ballisticity, Rectification, Collective Modes, Thermohydrodynamics, Coherence)
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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
CdSe/ZnS Quantum Rods (QRs) and Phenyl Boronic Acid BODIPY as Efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Donor–Acceptor Pair
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Gianluca Salerno, Pasquale Palladino, Marcello Marelli, Laura Polito, Maria Minunni, Debora Berti, Simona Scarano, Giacomo Biagiotti and Barbara Richichi
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090794 - 03 May 2024
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The reversibility of the covalent interaction between boronic acids and 1,2- or 1,3-diols has put the spotlight on this reaction for its potential in the development of sensors and for the fishing of bioactive glycoconjugates. In this work, we describe the investigation of
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The reversibility of the covalent interaction between boronic acids and 1,2- or 1,3-diols has put the spotlight on this reaction for its potential in the development of sensors and for the fishing of bioactive glycoconjugates. In this work, we describe the investigation of this reaction for the reversible functionalization of the surface of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Rods (QRs). With this in mind, we have designed a turn-off Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system that ensures monitoring the extent of the reaction between the phenyl boronic residue at the meso position of a BODIPY probe and the solvent-exposed 1,2-diols on QRs’ surface. The reversibility of the corresponding boronate ester under oxidant conditions has also been assessed, thus envisioning the potential sensing ability of this system.
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Open AccessArticle
Electrochemical Sensing Device for Carboplatin Monitoring in Proof-of-Concept Drug Delivery Nanosystems
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Alexandra Pusta, Mihaela Tertis, Catalina Ardusadan, Simona Mirel and Cecilia Cristea
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090793 - 02 May 2024
Abstract
(1) Background: Carboplatin (CBP) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Despite its efficiency, CBP is associated with side effects that greatly limit its clinical use. To mitigate these effects, CBP can be encapsulated in targeted
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(1) Background: Carboplatin (CBP) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Despite its efficiency, CBP is associated with side effects that greatly limit its clinical use. To mitigate these effects, CBP can be encapsulated in targeted delivery systems, such as liposomes. Ensuring the adequate loading and release of CBP from these carriers requires strict control in pharmaceutical formulation development, demanding modern, rapid, and robust analytical methods. The aim of this study was the development of a sensor for the fast and accurate quantification of CBP and its application on proof-of-concept CBP-loaded nanosomes. (2) Methods: Screen-printed electrodes were obtained in-lab and the electrochemical behavior of CBP was tested on the obtained electrodes. (3) Results: The in-lab screen-printed electrodes demonstrated superior properties compared to commercial ones. The novel sensors demonstrated accurate detection of CBP on a dynamic range from 5 to 500 μg/mL (13.5–1350 μM). The method was successfully applied on CBP loaded and released from nanosomes, with strong correlations with a spectrophotometric method used as control. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates the viability of electrochemical techniques as alternative options during the initial phases of pharmaceutical formulation development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Electrochemical Nanosensing)
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Open AccessArticle
Heat-Annealed Zinc Oxide on Flexible Carbon Nanotube Paper and Exposed to Gradient Light to Enhance Its Photoelectric Response
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Jih-Hsin Liu and Pi-Yu Shen
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090792 - 02 May 2024
Abstract
Buckypaper (BP), a flexible and porous material, exhibits photovoltaic properties when exposed to light. In this study, we employed radio frequency (RF) sputtering of zinc oxide (ZnO) followed by rapid thermal annealing to enhance the photovoltaic response of BP. We investigated the impact
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Buckypaper (BP), a flexible and porous material, exhibits photovoltaic properties when exposed to light. In this study, we employed radio frequency (RF) sputtering of zinc oxide (ZnO) followed by rapid thermal annealing to enhance the photovoltaic response of BP. We investigated the impact of various sputtering parameters, such as the gas flow ratio of argon to oxygen and deposition time, on the morphology, composition, resistivity, and photovoltaic characteristics of ZnO-modified BP. Additionally, the photovoltaic performance of the samples under different illumination modes and wavelengths was compared. It was found that optimal sputtering conditions—argon to oxygen flow ratio of 1:2, deposition time of 20 min, and power of 100 watts—resulted in a ZnO film thickness of approximately 45 nanometers. After annealing at 400 °C for 10 min, the ZnO-modified BP demonstrated a significant increase in photocurrent and photovoltage, along with a reduction in resistivity, compared to unmodified BP. Moreover, under gradient illumination, the ZnO-modified BP exhibited a photovoltage enhancement of 14.70-fold and a photocurrent increase of 13.86-fold, compared to uniform illumination. Under blue light, it showed a higher photovoltaic response than under other colors. The enhancement in photovoltaic response is attributed to the formation of a Schottky junction between ZnO and BP, an increased carrier concentration gradient, and an expanded light absorption spectrum. Our results validate that ZnO sputtering followed by annealing is an effective method for modifying BP for photovoltaic applications such as solar cells and photodetectors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Growth, Characterization and Applications of Nanotubes: Volume II)
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Open AccessArticle
UV/Ozone-Treated and Sol–Gel-Processed Y2O3 Insulators Prepared Using Gelation-Delaying Precursors
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Sangwoo Lee, Yoonjin Cho, Seongwon Heo, Jin-Hyuk Bae, In-Man Kang, Kwangeun Kim, Won-Yong Lee and Jaewon Jang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090791 - 01 May 2024
Abstract
In this study, a Y2O3 insulator was fabricated via the sol–gel process and the effect of precursors and annealing processes on its electrical performance was studied. Yttrium(III) acetate hydrate, yttrium(III) nitrate tetrahydrate, yttrium isopropoxide oxide, and yttrium(III) tris (isopropoxide) were
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In this study, a Y2O3 insulator was fabricated via the sol–gel process and the effect of precursors and annealing processes on its electrical performance was studied. Yttrium(III) acetate hydrate, yttrium(III) nitrate tetrahydrate, yttrium isopropoxide oxide, and yttrium(III) tris (isopropoxide) were used as precursors, and UV/ozone treatment and high-temperature annealing were performed to obtain Y2O3 films from the precursors. The structure and surface morphologies of the films were characterized via grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and scanning probe microscopy. Chemical component analysis was performed via X-ray spectroscopy. Electrical insulator characteristics were analyzed based on current density versus electrical field data and frequency-dependent dielectric constants. The Y2O3 films fabricated using the acetate precursor and subjected to the UV/ozone treatment showed a uniform and flat surface morphology with the lowest number of oxygen vacancy defects and unwanted byproducts. The corresponding fabricated capacitors showed the lowest current density (Jg) value of 10−8 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm and a stable dielectric constant in a frequency range of 20 Hz–100 KHz. At 20 Hz, the dielectric constant was 12.28, which decreased to 10.5 at 105 Hz. The results indicate that high-quality, high-k insulators can be fabricated for flexible electronics using suitable precursors and the suggested low-temperature fabrication methods.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Structured Thin Films: Growth, Characteristics, and Application)
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Open AccessArticle
Klein Tunneling in β12 Borophene
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Jinhao Lai, Lekang Wang, Fu Li, Hongbin Zhang and Qingtian Zhang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090790 - 01 May 2024
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Motivated by the recent observation of Klein tunneling in 8-Pmmn borophene, we delve into the phenomenon in β12 borophene by employing tight-binding approximation theory to establish a theoretical mode. The tight-binding model is a semi-empirical method for establishing the Hamiltonian based on
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Motivated by the recent observation of Klein tunneling in 8-Pmmn borophene, we delve into the phenomenon in β12 borophene by employing tight-binding approximation theory to establish a theoretical mode. The tight-binding model is a semi-empirical method for establishing the Hamiltonian based on atomic orbitals. A single cell of β12 borophene contains five atoms and multiple central bonds, so it creates the complexity of the tight-binding model Hamiltonian of β12 borophene. We investigate transmission across one potential barrier and two potential barriers by changing the width and height of barriers and the distance between two potential barriers. Regardless of the change in the barrier heights and widths, we find the interface to be perfectly transparent for normal incidence. For other angles of incidence, perfect transmission at certain angles can also be observed. Furthermore, perfect and all-angle transmission across a potential barrier takes place when the incident energy approaches the Dirac point. This is analogous to the “super”, all-angle transmission reported for the dice lattice for Klein tunneling across a potential barrier. These findings highlight the significance of our theoretical model in understanding the complex dynamics of Klein tunneling in borophene structures.
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Open AccessArticle
Simultaneous Detection of Carbon Quantum Dots as Tracers for Interwell Connectivity Evaluation in a Pattern with Two Injection Wells
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Stephania Rosales, Karol Zapata, Farid B. Cortes, Benjamín Rojano, Carlos Diaz, Carlos Cortes, David Jaramillo, Adriana Vasquez, Diego Ramirez and Camilo A. Franco
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090789 - 01 May 2024
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This study aimed to develop and implement a nanotechnology-based alternative to traditional tracers used in the oil and gas industry for assessing interwell connectivity. A simple and rapid hydrothermal protocol for synthesizing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using agroindustry waste was implemented. Three commercial
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This study aimed to develop and implement a nanotechnology-based alternative to traditional tracers used in the oil and gas industry for assessing interwell connectivity. A simple and rapid hydrothermal protocol for synthesizing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using agroindustry waste was implemented. Three commercial CQDs were employed (CQDblue, CQDgreen, and CQDred); the fourth was synthesized from orange peel (CQDop). The CQDs from waste and other commercials with spherical morphology, nanometric sizes less than 11 nm in diameter, and surface roughness less than 3.1 nm were used. These tracers demonstrated high colloidal stability with a negative zeta potential, containing carbonyl-type chemical groups and unsaturations in aromatic structures that influenced their optical behavior. All materials presented high colloidal stability with negative values of charge z potential between −17.8 and −49.1. Additionally, individual quantification of these tracers is feasible even in scenarios where multiple CQDs are present in the effluent with a maximum percentage of interference of 15.5% for CQDop in the presence of the other three nanotracers. The CQDs were injected into the field once the technology was insured under laboratory conditions. Monitoring the effluents allowed the determination of connectivity for five first-line producer wells. This study enables the application of CQDs in the industry, particularly in fields where the arrangement of injector and producer wells is intricate, requiring the use of multiple tracers for a comprehensive description of the system.
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Open AccessArticle
Hydrogenation of Furfural over Biomass-Based Electron-Deficient Co-NC Nanotube Catalyst
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Zhu Zhu and Guangyue Xu
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090788 - 01 May 2024
Abstract
The conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is one of the most significant reactions from industrial-scale produced biomass platform molecules to value-added chemicals. In this work, biomass-based chitosan was used as both a carbon source and nitrogen source to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon. With
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The conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is one of the most significant reactions from industrial-scale produced biomass platform molecules to value-added chemicals. In this work, biomass-based chitosan was used as both a carbon source and nitrogen source to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon. With the addition of cobalt, the optimized 7.5Co-NC-900 catalyst had the largest surface area and the graphite nanotube structure with the least defects. It was employed for the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and reached a nearly full conversion and an equivalent yield at 130 °C in 4 MPa initial H2. The structure–function relationship study indicated that the N could interact with the neighbor Co in this catalyst and formed an electron-deficient Co center which was in favor of the adsorption of furfural in the nanotube and had high catalytic activity. The interactions between Co and N stabilized the catalyst so that it could remain stable in five runs of catalytic reactions.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Nanomaterials for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development)
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Open AccessCommunication
Adjoint Algorithm Design of Selective Mode Reflecting Metastructure for BAL Applications
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Zean Li, Xunyu Zhang, Cheng Qiu, Yingshuai Xu, Zhipeng Zhou, Ziyuan Wei, Yiman Qiao, Yongyi Chen, Yubing Wang, Lei Liang, Yuxin Lei, Yue Song, Peng Jia, Yugang Zeng, Li Qin, Yongqiang Ning and Lijun Wang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090787 - 01 May 2024
Abstract
Broad-area lasers (BALs) have found applications in a variety of crucial fields on account of their high output power and high energy transfer efficiency. However, they suffer from poor spatial beam quality due to multi-mode behavior along the waveguide transverse direction. In this
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Broad-area lasers (BALs) have found applications in a variety of crucial fields on account of their high output power and high energy transfer efficiency. However, they suffer from poor spatial beam quality due to multi-mode behavior along the waveguide transverse direction. In this paper, we propose a novel metasurface waveguide structure acting as a transverse mode selective back-reflector for BALs. In order to effectively inverse design such a structure, a digital adjoint algorithm is introduced to adapt the considerably large design area and the high degree of freedom. As a proof of the concept, a device structure with a design area of 40 × 20 μm2 is investigated. The simulation results exhibit high fundamental mode reflection (above 90%), while higher-order transverse mode reflections are suppressed below 0.2%. This is, to our knowledge, the largest device structure designed based on the inverse method. We exploited such a device and the method and further investigated the device’s robustness and feasibility of the inverse method. The results are elaborately discussed.
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(This article belongs to the Section Theory and Simulation of Nanostructures)
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Open AccessArticle
Enhancement of Peroxydisulfate Activation for Complete Degradation of Refractory Tetracycline by 3D Self-Supported MoS2/MXene Nanocomplex
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Yuxia Song, Runhua Chen, Shihai Li, Shali Yu, Xiaoli Ni, Minglong Fang and Hanyun Xie
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090786 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
Antibiotic abuse, particularly the excessive use of tetracycline (TC), a drug with significant environmental risk, has gravely harmed natural water bodies and even posed danger to human health. In this study, a three-dimensional self-supported MoS2/MXene nanohybrid with an expanded layer spacing
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Antibiotic abuse, particularly the excessive use of tetracycline (TC), a drug with significant environmental risk, has gravely harmed natural water bodies and even posed danger to human health. In this study, a three-dimensional self-supported MoS2/MXene nanohybrid with an expanded layer spacing was synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method and used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for the complete degradation of TC. The results showed that a stronger •OH signal was detected in the aqueous solution containing MoS2/MXene, demonstrating a superior PDS activation effect compared to MoS2 or Ti3C2TX MXene alone. Under the conditions of a catalyst dosage of 0.4 g/L, a PDS concentration of 0.4 mM, and pH = 5.0, the MoS2/MXene/PDS system was able to fully eliminate TC within one hour, which was probably due to the presence of several reactive oxygen species (ROS) (•OH, SO4•−, and O2•−) in the system. The high TC degradation efficiency could be maintained under the influence of various interfering ions and after five cycles, indicating that MoS2/MXene has good anti-interference and reusability performance. Furthermore, the possible degradation pathways were proposed by combining liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data and other findings, and the mechanism of the MoS2/MXene/PDS system on the degradation process of TC was elucidated by deducing the possible mechanism of ROS generation in the reaction process. All of these findings suggest that the MoS2/MXene composite catalyst has strong antibiotic removal capabilities with a wide range of application prospects.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Research on Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Wastewater Treatment)
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Open AccessArticle
Pyroclastic Dust from Arequipa-Peru Decorated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Ecotoxicological Properties in Water Flea D. magna
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Juan A. Ramos-Guivar, Yacu V. Alca-Ramos, Erich V. Manrique-Castillo, F. Mendoza-Villa, Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman, Renzo Rueda-Vellasmin and Edson C. Passamani
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090785 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
A novel magnetic composite made of Peruvian pyroclastic dust material decorated with maghemite nanoparticles was synthesized and characterized using a variety of analytic techniques. The 13 nm maghemite nanoparticles were grown on the pyroclastic dust using the conventional coprecipitation chemical route. A short-term
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A novel magnetic composite made of Peruvian pyroclastic dust material decorated with maghemite nanoparticles was synthesized and characterized using a variety of analytic techniques. The 13 nm maghemite nanoparticles were grown on the pyroclastic dust using the conventional coprecipitation chemical route. A short-term acute assay was developed to study the ecotoxicological behavior of the water flea, Daphnia magna. A 24 h-lethal concentration (LC50) value equal to 123.6 mg L−1 was determined only for the magnetic composite. While the pyroclastic dust material did not exhibit a lethal concentration, it caused morphologically significant changes (p < 0.05) for heart and tail parameters at high concentrations. Morphologies exposed to the magnetic composite above the 24 h-LC50 revealed less tolerance and significant changes in the body, heart, antenna, and eye. Hence, it affects biomarker growth and swimming. The reproduction rate was not affected by the raw pyroclastic dust material. However, the number of individuals showed a decrease with increasing composite concentrations. The present study indicates the LC50 value, which can be used as a reference concentration for in-situ water cleaning with this material without damaging or changing the Daphnia magna ecosystem.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials: Current Understanding and Challenges)
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Open AccessArticle
Towards a More Efficient Breast Cancer Therapy Using Active Human Cell Membrane-Coated Metal–Organic Frameworks
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Pablo Graván, Sara Rojas, Darina Francesca Picchi, Francisco Galisteo-González, Patricia Horcajada and Juan Antonio Marchal
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090784 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
The recent description of well-defined molecular subtypes of breast cancer has led to the clinical development of a number of successful molecular targets. Particularly, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer with historically poor outcomes, mainly due to the
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The recent description of well-defined molecular subtypes of breast cancer has led to the clinical development of a number of successful molecular targets. Particularly, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer with historically poor outcomes, mainly due to the lack of effective targeted therapies. Recent progresses in materials science have demonstrated the impressive properties of metal–organic framework nanoparticles (NPs) as antitumoral drug delivery systems. Here, in a way to achieve efficient bio-interfaces with cancer cells and improve their internalization, benchmarked MIL-100(Fe) NPs were coated with cell membranes (CMs) derived from the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468. The prepared CMs-coated metal–organic framework (CMs_MIL-100(Fe)) showed enhanced colloidal stability, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-468 cells compared to non-coated NPs, paving the way for these human CMs-coated MIL-100(Fe) NPs as effective targeted therapies against the challenging TNBC.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials and Metal-Organic Frameworks)
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Open AccessArticle
Optimizing Josephson Junction Reproducibility in 30 kV E-Beam Lithography: An Analysis of Backscattered Electron Distribution
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Arthur M. Rebello, Lucas M. Ruela, Gustavo Moreto, Naiara Y. Klein, Eldues Martins, Ivan S. Oliveira, João P. Sinnecker and Francisco Rouxinol
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090783 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
This paper explores methods to enhance the reproducibility of Josephson junctions, which are crucial elements in superconducting quantum technologies, when employing the Dolan technique in 30 kV e-beam processes. The study explores the influence of dose distribution along the bridge area on reproducibility,
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This paper explores methods to enhance the reproducibility of Josephson junctions, which are crucial elements in superconducting quantum technologies, when employing the Dolan technique in 30 kV e-beam processes. The study explores the influence of dose distribution along the bridge area on reproducibility, addressing challenges related to fabrication sensitivity. Experimental methods include e-beam lithography, with electron trajectory simulations shedding light on the behavior of backscattered electrons. Wedescribe the fabrication of various Josephson junction geometries and analyze the correlation between the success rates of different lithography patterns and the simulated distribution of backscattered electrons. Our findings demonstrate a success rate of up to 96.3% for the double-resist 1-step low-energy e-beam lithography process. As a means of implementation strategy, we provide a geometric example that takes advantage of simulated stability regions to administer a controlled, uniform dose across the junction area, introducing novel features to overcome the difficulties associated with fabricating bridge-like structures.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nanofabrication and Nanomanufacturing)
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Synthesis, Surface Modification and Magnetic Properties Analysis of Heat-Generating Cobalt-Substituted Magnetite Nanoparticles
by
Miloš Ognjanović, Marko Bošković, Hristo Kolev, Biljana Dojčinović, Sanja Vranješ-Đurić and Bratislav Antić
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090782 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
Here, we present the results of the synthesis, surface modification, and properties analysis of magnetite-based nanoparticles, specifically Co0.047Fe2.953O4 (S1) and Co0.086Fe2.914O4 (S2). These nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method at 80 °C
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Here, we present the results of the synthesis, surface modification, and properties analysis of magnetite-based nanoparticles, specifically Co0.047Fe2.953O4 (S1) and Co0.086Fe2.914O4 (S2). These nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method at 80 °C for 2 h. They exhibit a single-phase nature and crystallize in a spinel-type structure (space group Fd m). Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the particles are quasi-spherical in shape and approximately 11 nm in size. An observed increase in saturation magnetization, coercivity, remanence, and blocking temperature in S2 compared to S1 can be attributed to an increase in magnetocrystalline anisotropy due to the incorporation of Co ions in the crystal lattice of the parent compound (Fe3O4). The heating efficiency of the samples was determined by fitting the Box-Lucas equation to the acquired temperature curves. The calculated Specific Loss Power (SLP) values were 46 W/g and 23 W/g (under HAC = 200 Oe and f = 252 kHz) for S1 and S2, respectively. Additionally, sample S1 was coated with citric acid (Co0.047Fe2.953O4@CA) and poly(acrylic acid) (Co0.047Fe2.953O4@PAA) to obtain stable colloids for further tests for magnetic hyperthermia applications in cancer therapy. Fits of the Box-Lucas equation provided SLP values of 21 W/g and 34 W/g for CA- and PAA-coated samples, respectively. On the other hand, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis points to the catalytically active centers Fe2+/Fe3+ and Co2+/Co3+ on the particle surface, suggesting possible applications of the samples as heterogeneous self-heating catalysts in advanced oxidation processes under an AC magnetic field.
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(This article belongs to the Collection Metallic and Metal Oxide Nanohybrids and Their Applications)
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Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes on Titanium Nitride-Coated Planar and 3D-Printed Substrates
by
Stefanie Haugg, Luis-Felipe Mochalski, Carina Hedrich, Isabel González Díaz-Palacio, Kristian Deneke, Robert Zierold and Robert H. Blick
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 781; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090781 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known for their outstanding field emission (FE) performance, facilitated by their unique combination of electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, if the substrate of choice is a poor conductor, the electron supply towards the CNTs can be limited,
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known for their outstanding field emission (FE) performance, facilitated by their unique combination of electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, if the substrate of choice is a poor conductor, the electron supply towards the CNTs can be limited, restricting the FE current. Furthermore, ineffective heat dissipation can lead to emitter–substrate bond degradation, shortening the field emitters’ lifetime. Herein, temperature-stable titanium nitride (TiN) was deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) on different substrate types prior to the CNT growth. A turn-on field reduction of up to 59% was found for the emitters that were generated on TiN-coated bulk substrates instead of on pristine ones. This observation was attributed exclusively to the TiN layer as no significant change in the emitter morphology could be identified. The fabrication route and, consequently, improved FE properties were transferred from bulk substrates to free-standing, electrically insulating nanomembranes. Moreover, 3D-printed, polymeric microstructures were overcoated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) employing its high conformality. The results of our approach by combining ALD with CNT growth could assist the future fabrication of highly efficient field emitters on 3D scaffold structures regardless of the substrate material.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Research Related to Nanomaterial Cold Cathode II)
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Schottky Junctions with Bi@Bi2MoO6 Core-Shell Photocatalysts toward High-Efficiency Solar N2-to-Ammonnia Conversion in Aqueous Phase
by
Meijiao Wang, Guosong Wei, Renjie Li, Meng Yu, Guangbo Liu and Yanhua Peng
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(9), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090780 - 30 Apr 2024
Abstract
The photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in aqueous solution is a green and sustainable strategy for ammonia production. Nonetheless, the efficiency of the process still has a wide gap compared to that of the Haber–Bosch one due to the difficulty of N2
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The photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in aqueous solution is a green and sustainable strategy for ammonia production. Nonetheless, the efficiency of the process still has a wide gap compared to that of the Haber–Bosch one due to the difficulty of N2 activation and the quick recombination of photo-generated carriers. Herein, a core-shell Bi@Bi2MoO6 microsphere through constructing Schottky junctions has been explored as a robust photocatalyst toward N2 reduction to NH3. Metal Bi self-reduced onto Bi2MoO6 not only spurs the photo-generated electron and hole separation owing to the Schottky junction at the interface of Bi and Bi2MoO6 but also promotes N2 adsorption and activation at Bi active sites synchronously. As a result, the yield of the photocatalytic N2-to-ammonia conversion reaches up to 173.40 μmol g−1 on core-shell Bi@Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts, as much as two times of that of bare Bi2MoO6. This work provides a new design for the decarbonization of the nitrogen reduction reaction by the utilization of renewable energy sources.
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