Journal Description
Inorganics
Inorganics
is an international, scientific, peer-reviewed, open access journal on inorganic chemistry published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear) / CiteScore - Q2 (Inorganic Chemistry)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 12.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.9 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our authors say about Inorganics.
Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.5 (2022)
Latest Articles
Elucidating the Structural Features of Bis(arylimino)acenaphthene (Aryl-BIAN) Bismuth Complexes: A Combined Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction and Hirshfeld Analysis Approach
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050135 (registering DOI) - 04 May 2024
Abstract
Dimeric bismuth(III) complexes bearing bis(aryl-imino)acenaphthene (Aryl-BIAN) donor ligands of the general formulae [(Dipp-BIAN)BiCl3]2 2, [(o-iPr-BIAN)BiCl3]2 3, and [(p-iPr-BIAN)BiCl3]2 4, where
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Dimeric bismuth(III) complexes bearing bis(aryl-imino)acenaphthene (Aryl-BIAN) donor ligands of the general formulae [(Dipp-BIAN)BiCl3]2 2, [(o-iPr-BIAN)BiCl3]2 3, and [(p-iPr-BIAN)BiCl3]2 4, where Dipp = diisopropyl, o-iPr = ortho-isopropyl and p-iPr = para-isopropyl, were prepared by reaction of the corresponding neutral BIAN ligand with BiCl3, under inert atmosphere conditions. X-ray studies were performed, and their molecular structures were determined. The individual contributions of intermolecular interactions to crystal packing have been quantified by means of Hirsfeld surface analysis.
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(This article belongs to the Section Coordination Chemistry)
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Enhanced Surface Properties of TiO2-Based Coatings via Stevia-Assisted Spark Suppression: Insights from Density Functional Theory Calculations
by
Mosab Kaseem, Ananda Repycha Safira and Arash Fattah-alhosseini
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050134 - 03 May 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the enhancement of surface properties in TiO2-based coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy through micro-arc oxidation (MAO), employing stevia sugar as a novel additive. By incorporating stevia sugar into acetate–glycerophosphate–tetraethoxysilane solutions used in MAO treatment, the porous morphology of
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This study investigates the enhancement of surface properties in TiO2-based coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy through micro-arc oxidation (MAO), employing stevia sugar as a novel additive. By incorporating stevia sugar into acetate–glycerophosphate–tetraethoxysilane solutions used in MAO treatment, the porous morphology of TiO2-based oxide layers is regulated. The incorporation of stevia moderates plasma discharge intensity, facilitating the formation of a uniform silicon-rich structure characterized by reduced porosity and pore size. This effect is attributed to the interaction between stevia and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), which modifies the TEOS hydrolysis process, thereby enhancing structural uniformity and stability while concurrently reducing plasma discharge intensity. Additionally, theoretical calculations offer a valuable understanding of the reactivity and interactions of stevia, TEOS, and their complex during the MAO process, laying the groundwork for further research and optimization in this promising field.
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(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials)
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Mechanism of Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Action of Gold(I) Compounds: A Theoretical and Experimental Approach
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Javiera Órdenes-Rojas, Paola Risco, José Ortega-Campos, Germán Barriga-González, Ana Liempi, Ulrike Kemmerling, Dinorah Gambino, Lucía Otero, Claudio Olea Azar and Esteban Rodríguez-Arce
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050133 - 03 May 2024
Abstract
In the search for a more effective chemotherapy for the treatment of Chagas’ disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, the use of gold compounds may be a promising approach. In this work, four gold(I) compounds [AuCl(HL)], (HL = bioactive 5-nitrofuryl containing thiosemicarbazones) were
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In the search for a more effective chemotherapy for the treatment of Chagas’ disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, the use of gold compounds may be a promising approach. In this work, four gold(I) compounds [AuCl(HL)], (HL = bioactive 5-nitrofuryl containing thiosemicarbazones) were studied. The compounds were theoretically characterized, showing identical chemical structures with the metal ion located in a linear coordination environment and the thiosemicarbazones acting as monodentate ligands. Cyclic voltammetry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) studies demonstrated that the complexes could generate the nitro anion radical (NO2−) by reduction of the nitro moiety. The compounds were evaluated in vitro on the trypomastigote form of T. cruzi and human cells of endothelial morphology. The gold compounds studied showed activity in the micromolar range against T. cruzi. The most active compounds (IC50 of around 10 μM) showed an enhancement of the antiparasitic activity compared with their respective bioactive ligands and moderate selectivity. To get insight into the anti-chagasic mechanism of action, the intracellular free radical production capacity of the gold compounds was assessed by ESR and fluorescence measurements. DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pirroline-N-oxide) spin adducts related to the bioreduction of the complexes and redox cycling processes were characterized. The potential oxidative stress mechanism against T. cruzi was confirmed.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noble Metals in Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry)
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Fluorosolvatochromism of Platinum Supramolecular Coordination Complexes: Stepwise Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Organometallic Tetranuclear Pt(II) Squares
by
Antonia Garypidou, Konstantinos Ypsilantis and Achilleas Garoufis
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050132 - 02 May 2024
Abstract
The stepwise synthesis and characterization of three new mixed-ligand organometallic tetranuclear platinum squares were achieved. All of the complexes were constituted by the conjunction of two (2,2′-bpy)Pt-terph-Pt(2,2′-bpy) (terph = p-terphenyl) fragments linked by a variety of N^N ligands (4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy), 1,4-di(pyridin-4-yl)benzene (dpbz),
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The stepwise synthesis and characterization of three new mixed-ligand organometallic tetranuclear platinum squares were achieved. All of the complexes were constituted by the conjunction of two (2,2′-bpy)Pt-terph-Pt(2,2′-bpy) (terph = p-terphenyl) fragments linked by a variety of N^N ligands (4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy), 1,4-di(pyridin-4-yl)benzene (dpbz), and 4,4′-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl (dpbph)), which occupied the fourth coordination site of each metal center, giving rise to square-shaped molecules of the general formula [Pt2(2,2′-bpy)2(terph)(N^N)]2. Consequently, the tetranuclear complexes, {[Pt(2,2′-bpy)]4(μ-terph)2(μ-4,4′-bpy)2}{PF6}4 (7), {[Pt(2,2′-bpy)]4(μ-terph)2(μ-dpbz)2}{PF6}4 (8), and {[Pt(2,2′-bpy)]4(μ-terph)2(μ-dpbph)2}{PF6}4 (9) were constructed. The photophysical properties of these complexes were studied both in the solid state and in various solvents, revealing fluorosolvatochromism.
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(This article belongs to the Section Organometallic Chemistry)
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Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Photophysical Studies of Heteroleptic Silver Complexes Bearing 2,9-Bis(styryl)-1,10-phenanthroline Ligands and Bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] Ether
by
Dimitrios Glykos, Athanassios C. Tsipis, John C. Plakatouras and Gerasimos Malandrinos
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050131 - 02 May 2024
Abstract
Three new heteroleptic Ag(I) complexes, labeled as [AgL(POP)]BF4 (1–3), were successfully synthesized and comprehensively characterized. Here, L represents 2,9-bis((E)-4-methoxystyryl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L1), 2,9-bis((E)-4-methylthiostyryl) -1,10-phenanthroline (L2), and 2,9-bis((E)-4-diethylaminostyryl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L3), while POP stands for Bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether.
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Three new heteroleptic Ag(I) complexes, labeled as [AgL(POP)]BF4 (1–3), were successfully synthesized and comprehensively characterized. Here, L represents 2,9-bis((E)-4-methoxystyryl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L1), 2,9-bis((E)-4-methylthiostyryl) -1,10-phenanthroline (L2), and 2,9-bis((E)-4-diethylaminostyryl)-1,10-phenanthroline (L3), while POP stands for Bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether. The stability of these compounds in solution was confirmed through multinuclear 1D (1H, 13C, 31P) and 2D NMR (COSY, NOESY, HMBC, HSQC) spectroscopies. Additionally, their molecular structure was elucidated via X-ray crystallography. The photophysical properties of the complexes were assessed both in the solid state and in solution (dichloromethane). Compounds 1–3 demonstrated moderate emissions in solution, with quantum yields ranging from 11–23%. Interestingly, their solid-state luminescent behavior differed. Large bathochromic shifts (42–75 nm) of the emission maxima and a decrease in quantum yields (2.5–9.5%) were evident, possibly due to the presence of excimers. Compound 3 stands out as a rare example of an Ag(I) red-color emitter.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Luminescent Materials)
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Open AccessEditorial
Metal Complexes with N-donor Ligands
by
László Kótai
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050130 - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
Complexes of transition and non-transition metals with a wide variety of N-donor ligands (like ammonia, amines, urea derivatives, Schiff bases, or N-heterocycles) comprise a highly important class of compounds in chemistry, biochemistry, material science, and the chemical industry [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes with N-donor Ligands)
Open AccessArticle
Influence of the Magnetization of Thermally Expandable Particles on the Thermal and Debonding Properties of Bonding Joints
by
Juana Abenojar, Sara López de Armentia, Juan-Carlos del Real and Miguel-Angel Martínez
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050129 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study addresses the challenge of recycling adhesive bonds, as their disassembly is irreversible and damages the substrates. It explores the use of thermally expandable particles (TEPs), which, when heated, expand and weaken the bond. The magnetization of TEPs allows us to control
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This study addresses the challenge of recycling adhesive bonds, as their disassembly is irreversible and damages the substrates. It explores the use of thermally expandable particles (TEPs), which, when heated, expand and weaken the bond. The magnetization of TEPs allows us to control their distribution using a magnetic field. The work aims to obtain magnetized TEPs, study their influence on resin curing, mechanical performance, and durability, test their mobility in graded bonds, and analyze the temperature-induced debonding process. TEPs are characterized using various techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the impact of 25 wt.% TEPs on epoxy resin curing is examined using the Kamal model. Adhesion and disassembly assessments were conducted through tensile shear tests using single-lap-joint specimens, while the bond durability was determined via wedge testing. It was found that magnetization reduces the debonding time, though it decreases shear strength while increasing bond durability. The crack formation energy is higher with magnetic TEPs, and total crack length is lower in long-term wedge tests. Once debonded, the substrates are sanded and reused as raw material.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Materials and Their Applications)
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Open AccessReview
Review on Preparation of Perovskite Solar Cells by Pulsed Laser Deposition
by
Xinyu Lu, Xingjian Fan, Hao Zhang, Qingyu Xu and Mohsin Ijaz
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050128 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a simple and extremely versatile technique to grow thin films and nanomaterials from a wide variety of materials. Compared to traditional fabrication methods, PLD is a clean physical vapour deposition approach that avoids complicated chemical reactions and by-products,
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Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a simple and extremely versatile technique to grow thin films and nanomaterials from a wide variety of materials. Compared to traditional fabrication methods, PLD is a clean physical vapour deposition approach that avoids complicated chemical reactions and by-products, achieving a precise stochiometric transfer of the target material onto the substrate and providing control over the film thickness. Halide perovskite materials have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent photoelectric and photovoltaic properties. In this paper, we present an overview of the fundamental and practical aspects of PLD. The properties and preparation methods of the halide perovskite materials are briefly discussed. Finally, we will elaborate on recent research on the preparation of perovskite solar cells by PLD, summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the PLD preparation, and prospect the all-vacuum PLD-grown solar cells in a full solar cell structure.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Semiconductor Materials for Energy Conversion)
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Open AccessArticle
Construction of Zn0.5Cd0.5S/Bi4O5Br2 Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride
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Lan Luo, Juan Shen and Bo Jin
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050127 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
The development of efficient catalysts with visible light response for the removal of pollutants in an aqueous environment has been a hotspot in the field of photocatalysis research. A Zn0.5Cd0.5S (ZCS) nanoparticle/Bi4O5Br2 ultra-thin nanosheet
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The development of efficient catalysts with visible light response for the removal of pollutants in an aqueous environment has been a hotspot in the field of photocatalysis research. A Zn0.5Cd0.5S (ZCS) nanoparticle/Bi4O5Br2 ultra-thin nanosheet heterojunction was constructed by ultrasound-assisted solvothermal method. The morphology, structure, and optoelectronic properties of the composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Under simulated visible light illumination, the photocatalytic performance was evaluated through degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. Results show that the degradation effect by the optimum ZCS/Bi4O5Br2 catalyst is superior to pure materials with the kinetic constant that is 1.7 and 9.6 times higher than those of Bi4O5Br2 and ZCS, and also has better stability and reusability. Trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance tests find that free radicals in the photocatalytic system are superoxide radicals and holes. This work provides a referable idea for the development of more efficient and recyclable photocatalysts.
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(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials)
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Molten Bismuth–Bismuth/Zinc Oxide Composites for High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage
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Cristina Maria Vladut, Daniel Lincu, Daniela Berger, Cristian Matei and Raul-Augustin Mitran
Inorganics 2024, 12(5), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12050126 - 23 Apr 2024
Abstract
Thermal energy storage is at the leading edge of various applications, including waste heat recovery, solar storage and zero-energy buildings. Phase change materials (PCMs) can be utilized to store heat through reversible solid–liquid phase transitions. PCMs provide high energy storage capacity at a
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Thermal energy storage is at the leading edge of various applications, including waste heat recovery, solar storage and zero-energy buildings. Phase change materials (PCMs) can be utilized to store heat through reversible solid–liquid phase transitions. PCMs provide high energy storage capacity at a constant temperature. The volume change during the phase transition, on the other hand, causes inconsistency in crystallization and leakage, increasing the system’s complexity and shortening the lifetime of these materials. These shortcomings can be diminished by impregnation in a porous matrix or encapsulation with an inert shell, resulting in shape-stabilized PCMs that maintain their macroscopic shape during phase change. The synthesis and properties of Bi/ZnO nanocomposites were investigated in order to obtain shape-stabilized phase change materials. All samples consisted of metallic Bi and oxide, doped with 1–3% at. zinc. Heat storage capacities between 31 and 49 Jg−1 were obtained, depending on the mass fraction of the metal. All samples had good thermal reliability, retaining their heat storage properties after 50 consecutive heating–cooling cycles. An average oxide layer thickness of 75–100 nm is sufficient to prevent the molten metal leakage at temperatures above its melting point, resulting in shape-stabilized PCMs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Functional Ceramics)
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Electrochemical Investigation of Lithium Perchlorate-Doped Polypyrrole Growing on Titanium Substrate
by
Yibing Xie, Jing Xu, Lu Lu and Chi Xia
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040125 - 22 Apr 2024
Abstract
Lithium perchlorate-doped polypyrrole growing on titanium substrate (LiClO4-PPy/Ti) has been fabricated to act as electroactive electrode material for feasible electrochemical energy storage. A theoretical and experimental investigation is adopted to disclose the conductivity, electroactivity properties and interfacial interaction-dependent capacitance of LiClO
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Lithium perchlorate-doped polypyrrole growing on titanium substrate (LiClO4-PPy/Ti) has been fabricated to act as electroactive electrode material for feasible electrochemical energy storage. A theoretical and experimental investigation is adopted to disclose the conductivity, electroactivity properties and interfacial interaction-dependent capacitance of LiClO4-PPy/Ti electrode. The experimental measurement results disclose that LiClO4-PPy/Ti reveals lower ohmic resistance (0.2226 Ω cm−2) and charge transfer resistance (2116 Ω cm−2) to exhibit higher electrochemical conductivity, a more reactive surface, and feasible ion diffusion to present higher double-layer capacitance (0.1930 mF cm−2) rather than LiClO4/Ti (0.3660 Ω cm−2, 65,250 Ω cm−2, 0.0334 mF cm−2). LiClO4-PPy/Ti reveals higher Faradaic capacitance caused by the reversible doping and dedoping process of perchlorate ion on PPy than the electrical double-layer capacitance of LiClO4/Ti caused by the reversible adsorption and desorption process of the LiClO4 electrolyte on Ti. Theoretical simulation calculation results prove that a more intensive electrostatic interaction of pyrrole N···Ti (2.450 Å) in LiClO4-PPy/Ti rather than perchlorate O···Ti (3.537 Å) in LiClO4/Ti. LiClO4-PPy/Ti exhibits higher density of states (57.321 electrons/eV) at Fermi energy and lower HOMO-LUMO molecule orbital energy gap (0.032 eV) than LiClO4/Ti (9.652 electrons/eV, 0.340 eV) to present the enhanced electronic conductivity. LiClO4-PPy/Ti also exhibits a more declined interface energy (−1.461 × 104) than LiClO4/Ti (−5.202 × 103 eV) to present the intensified interfacial interaction. LiClO4-PPy/Ti accordingly exhibits much higher specific capacitances of 0.123~0.0122 mF cm−2 at current densities of 0.01~0.10 mA cm−2 rather than LiClO4/Ti (0.010~0.0095 mF cm−2, presenting superior electroactivity and electrochemical capacitance properties. LiClO4-PPy/Ti could well act as the electroactive supercapacitor electrode for feasible energy storage.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inorganic Electrode Materials in High-Performance Energy Storage Devices)
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Open AccessReview
An Old Material for a New World: Prussian Blue and Its Analogues as Catalysts for Modern Needs
by
Isabella Concina
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040124 - 22 Apr 2024
Abstract
Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have recently emerged as effective materials in different functional applications, ranging from energy storage to electrochemical water splitting, thence to more “traditional” heterogeneous catalysis. Their versatility is due to their open framework, compositional variety, and fast and efficient internal
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Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have recently emerged as effective materials in different functional applications, ranging from energy storage to electrochemical water splitting, thence to more “traditional” heterogeneous catalysis. Their versatility is due to their open framework, compositional variety, and fast and efficient internal charge exchange, coupled with a self-healing ability that makes them unique. This review paper presents and discusses the findings of the last decade in the field of the catalytic and photocatalytic application of PBAs in water remediation (via the degradation of organic pollutants and heavy metal removal) and the catalytic oxidation of organics and production or organic intermediates for industrial synthesis. Analysis of the catalytic processes is approached from a critical perspective, highlighting both the achievements of the research community and the limits still affecting this field.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biological and Catalytic Applications of Metal Complexes)
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SCAPS-1D Simulation for Device Optimization to Improve Efficiency in Lead-Free CsSnI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
by
Hyun-Jae Park, Hyojung Son and Byoung-Seong Jeong
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040123 - 21 Apr 2024
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In this study, a novel systematic analysis was conducted to explore the impact of various parameters, including acceptor density (NA), individual layer thickness, defect density, interface defect density, and the metal electrode work function, on efficiency within the FTO/ZnO/CsSnI3/NiO
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In this study, a novel systematic analysis was conducted to explore the impact of various parameters, including acceptor density (NA), individual layer thickness, defect density, interface defect density, and the metal electrode work function, on efficiency within the FTO/ZnO/CsSnI3/NiOx/Au perovskite solar cell structure through the SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator in 1 Dimension) simulation. ZnO served as the electron transport layer (ETL), CsSnI3 as the perovskite absorption layer (PAL), and NiOx as the hole transport layer (HTL), all contributing to the optimization of device performance. To achieve the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE), we determined the ideal PAL acceptor density (NA) to be 2 × 1019 cm−3 and the optimal thicknesses to be 20 nm for the ETL (ZnO), 700 nm for the PAL (CsSnI3), and 10 nm for the HTL (NiOx), with the metal electrode remaining as Au. As a result of the optimization process, efficiency increased from 11.89% to 23.84%. These results are expected to contribute to the performance enhancement of eco-friendly, lead-free inorganic hybrid solar cells with Sn-based perovskite as the PAL.
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Open AccessArticle
Hypercoordinating Stannanes with C,N-Donor Ligands: A Structural, Computational, and Polymerization Study
by
Gloria M. D’Amaral, Desiree N. Bender, Nicola Piccolo, Alan J. Lough, Robert A. Gossage, Daniel A. Foucher and R. Stephen Wylie
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040122 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Select triphenyl stannanes bearing either a formally sp2 or sp3 hybridized amine, viz 2-(pyC2H4)SnPh3 (2: py = pyridinyl), 4-(pyC2H4)SnPh3 (3), 2-(pzC2H4)SnPh3 (
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Select triphenyl stannanes bearing either a formally sp2 or sp3 hybridized amine, viz 2-(pyC2H4)SnPh3 (2: py = pyridinyl), 4-(pyC2H4)SnPh3 (3), 2-(pzC2H4)SnPh3 (4: pz = pyrazyl), and Me2N(CH2)3SnPh3 (6), were prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy (119Sn, 13C, 1H), and additionally, in the case of 2, by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Bromination of 2 to yield 2-(pyC2H4)SnPhBr2 (8) was achieved in good yield. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 8 revealed two unique molecules with 5-coordinate Sn centers featuring Sn-N distances of 2.382 (5) and 2.363 (5) Å, respectively. The calculated structures of the non- and hypercoordinating C,N-stannanes (1–9) were in good agreement with available crystallographic data. The relative stabilities of hyper- and non-hypercoordinating conformers obtained from conformational sampling were determined by comparison with reference conformers and by natural bond orbital (NBO) energetic analyses. Reduction of 8 to the dihydride species, 2-(pyC2H4)SnPhH2 (9), and subsequent conversion to the polystannane, -[2-(pyC2H4)SnPh]n- (15), by transition metal-catalyzed dehydropolymerization was also achieved. Evidence for the decomposition of 15 into a redistributed distannoxane, {2-(pyC2H4)SnPh2}2O (16), was also observed.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Organometallic Chemistry 2024)
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Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Utilizing Banana Peel Extract
by
Mohammed Qahtan Al-Khaial, Siok Yee Chan, Rund A. Abu-Zurayk and Nour Alnairat
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040121 - 18 Apr 2024
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In recent years, there has been a significant focus on the green synthetization of metal oxide nanoparticles due to their environmentally friendly features and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this study is to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through a green method, utilizing
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In recent years, there has been a significant focus on the green synthetization of metal oxide nanoparticles due to their environmentally friendly features and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this study is to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through a green method, utilizing crude banana peel extract as reducing and capping agents, to characterize the synthesized ZnO NPs and test their antibacterial activity. ZnO NPs were biosynthesized using the peel extract of banana with various concentrations of zinc acetate dihydrate salt, followed by annealing at 400 °C for 2 h. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, its antibacterial efficiency against different bacterial strains was tested. ZnO NPs were biosynthesized successfully using the extract of Musa Acumniata (cavendish) fruit peel with a UV-Vis wavelength range of 344 to 369 nm and an electrical band gap ranging from 3.36 to 3.61 eV. The size varied from 27 ± 4 nm to 89 ± 22, and the negative zeta potential (ζ) ranged from −14.72 ± 0.77 to −7.43 ± 0.35 mV. ATR-FTIR analysis showed that the extract phytochemical functional groups were present on ZnO NPs. XRD results confirm the formation of a highly pure wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO NPs. Moreover, the best obtained size of ZnO NPs was selected for the antibacterial tests, giving the highest inhibition growth rate against Staphylococcus epidermidis (98.6 ± 0.9%), while the lowest rate was against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (88.4 ± 4.4%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were reported and compared to previous studies. The unique properties of greenly synthesized ZnO NPs and their antibacterial activity have potential for reducing environmental pollution and the use of antibiotics, which may contribute to solving the problem of bacterial resistance. Therefore, studies that aim to design an applicable dosage form loaded with biosynthesized ZnO NPs might be conducted in the future.
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Open AccessArticle
Effect of TiC Particles on the Properties of Copper Matrix Composites
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Zhenjie Zhai, Haitao Dong, Denghui Li, Zhe Wang, Changfei Sun and Cong Chen
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040120 - 17 Apr 2024
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In this study, TiC particle-reinforced Cu-based composites were prepared by powder metallurgy and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques. The mechanical and electrical properties of TiC/Cu composites were analyzed in conjunction with micro-morphology. The results showed that: TiC was fully diffused in the Cu
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In this study, TiC particle-reinforced Cu-based composites were prepared by powder metallurgy and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques. The mechanical and electrical properties of TiC/Cu composites were analyzed in conjunction with micro-morphology. The results showed that: TiC was fully diffused in the Cu matrix at a sintering temperature of 900 °C. The micron-sized TiC particles were most uniformly distributed in the Cu matrix and had the best performance. At this time, the densification of 5 wt.% TiC/Cu composites reached 97.19%, and the conductivity, hardness, and compressive yield strength were 11.47 MS·m−1, 112.9 HV, and 162 MPa, respectively. The effect of TiC content on the overall properties of the composites was investigated at a sintering temperature of 900 °C. The TiC content of the composites was also found to have a significant influence on the overall properties of the composites. The best performance of the composites was obtained when the TiC mass fraction was 10%. The average values of density, hardness, yield strength and conductivity of the 10 wt.% TiC/Cu composites were 90.07%, 128.3 HV, 272 MPa and 9.98 MS·m−1, respectively. The yield strength was 272 MPa, and the compressive strain was 38.8%. With the increase in TiC content, although the yield strength increased, the brittleness increased due to more weak interfaces in the composites.
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Open AccessArticle
Fe3O4-ZnO:V Nanocomposites with Modulable Properties as Magnetic Recoverable Photocatalysts
by
Ana Varadi, Cristian Leostean, Maria Stefan, Adriana Popa, Dana Toloman, Stela Pruneanu, Septimiu Tripon and Sergiu Macavei
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040119 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
Since semiconductor-based photocatalysis uses solar energy as a free and sustainable energy source and inoffensive photocatalysts, it has been found to be a promising green approach to eliminating dyes, antibiotics, and other pharmaceuticals from water that has been contaminated. In this study, a
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Since semiconductor-based photocatalysis uses solar energy as a free and sustainable energy source and inoffensive photocatalysts, it has been found to be a promising green approach to eliminating dyes, antibiotics, and other pharmaceuticals from water that has been contaminated. In this study, a distinctive magnetic separable Fe3O4-ZnO:V photocatalyst is reported. ZnO:V semiconductors have been produced by seed-assisted growth over preformed magnetite to develop Fe3O4-ZnO:V nanocomposites. The results indicated nanocomposites with the structure of Fe3O4, ZnO:V, according to the findings of the XRD, XPS, and HRTEM investigations. Additionally, magnetic studies revealed at room temperature, the nanocomposite exhibited superparamagnetic properties. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to characterize the ability of the Fe3O4-ZnO:V nanocomposites to transfer electrons. Furthermore, the impact of dopant on optical characteristics was evaluated. When exposed to rhodamine B (RhB), all the samples exhibited photocatalytic activity. Through the use of an ESR experiment and the spin-trapping technique, the existence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the solid–liquid interface was demonstrated, and their impact on the samples’ photocatalytic activity was highlighted. After recycling, XRD, XPS, and SEM were performed to illustrate the stability of the material. The impact of V doping on the morphologic, structural, and compositional properties of magnetically separable Fe3O4-ZnO:V composite nanoparticles for photocatalytic applications is the innovative aspect of our work.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Materials and Their Applications)
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Hybrid Siloxane Materials Based on a Mutually Reactive Epoxy–Amine System: Synthesis, Structure, and Thermal Stability Investigations
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Maria Emiliana Fortună, Maria Ignat, Niţă Tudorachi, Elena Ungureanu, Răzvan Rotaru and Valeria Harabagiu
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040118 - 17 Apr 2024
Abstract
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Hybrid siloxane materials based on a mutually reactive epoxy–amine system are organic-inorganic hybrid materials synthesized via the sol–gel reaction of siloxane precursors, followed by the polymerization of organo-functionalized oligosiloxanes. Therefore, using a new hybrid system as the reaction product resulting from the reaction
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Hybrid siloxane materials based on a mutually reactive epoxy–amine system are organic-inorganic hybrid materials synthesized via the sol–gel reaction of siloxane precursors, followed by the polymerization of organo-functionalized oligosiloxanes. Therefore, using a new hybrid system as the reaction product resulting from the reaction between 1,3-bis(3-glycidoxypropyl)-l, 1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane—C16H34O5Si2—(gp-DS) and p-phenylenediamine—C6H4(NH2)2—(PPD), an aromatic diamine, was obtained. The chemical structure of the synthesized hybrid siloxane material was confirmed via Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The morphology and surface chemical composition was highlighted via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an EDX elemental analysis system. Further, the thermal stabilities of the prepared hybrid siloxane and its precursors have been investigated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proving the modification of epoxy-functional disiloxanes with a paraphenylenediamine reagent that made it possible to produce hybrid siloxane materials with very good thermal stabilities and dual weak hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces.
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Open AccessArticle
Improving Zinc-Ion Batteries’ Performance: The Role of Nitrogen Doping in V2O3/C Cathodes
by
He Lin, Huanhuan Cheng and Yu Zhang
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040117 - 16 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of nitrogen-doped vanadium oxide (N−V2O3/C) as a cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), using a hydrothermal method. Compared to undoped V2O3/C, N−V2O3/C
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This study presents the synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of nitrogen-doped vanadium oxide (N−V2O3/C) as a cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), using a hydrothermal method. Compared to undoped V2O3/C, N−V2O3/C exhibits enhanced electrical conductivity, capacity, and electrochemical kinetics, attributed to the incorporation of pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen. The initial charge–discharge cycles indicate phase transitions to amorphous vanadium oxides, enhancing conductivity. N−V2O3/C shows a high specific capacity of 168.4 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and remarkable reversibility, highlighted by the transient existence of intermediate species during cycling. Optimal electrochemical performance is achieved with a vanadium-to-nitrogen molar ratio of 2:3, indicating the significant impact of the nitrogen doping concentration on the material’s efficiency. This work underscores the potential of N−V2O3/C as a superior cathode material for AZIBs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Devices)
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Synthesis and Application Insights of New Phosphate Materials A2MnP2O7 (A = Na, K, Li) as Corrosion Inhibitors
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Oumaima Moumouche, Hammadi El Harmouchi, Safae Alami, Moussa Ouakki, Redouane Khaoulaf, Khalid Brouzi, Mohamed Ebn Touhami, Hassane Lgaz and Mohamed Harcharras
Inorganics 2024, 12(4), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040116 - 16 Apr 2024
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This study comprehensively characterizes synthesized phosphate materials, specifically A2MnP2O7 (where A represents Na, K, or Li), utilizing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy techniques. The XRD results corroborate the crystalline nature of these compounds, while the
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This study comprehensively characterizes synthesized phosphate materials, specifically A2MnP2O7 (where A represents Na, K, or Li), utilizing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy techniques. The XRD results corroborate the crystalline nature of these compounds, while the IR spectra disclose pivotal structural characteristics, including the bent geometry of the POP bridge. A significant observation is the mismatch of specific IR bands, suggesting a non-centrosymmetric arrangement in the A2MnP2O7 crystal lattice. The synthesized materials were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel (MS) in 3 wt.% NaCl. Electrochemical assessments indicate that these materials act as mixed-type inhibitors, demonstrating high inhibition efficiencies (η%), reaching peak values of 88.3% for Na2MnP2O7, 87% for K2MnP2O7, and 86.7% for Li2MnP2O7 at a concentration of 10−3 mol/L. The study also elucidates the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters dictating the inhibition phenomena. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the surface morphology of mild steel in the presence of these inhibitors.
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