Streptomyces Isolates from the Soil of an Ancient Irish Cure Site, Capable of Inhibiting Multi-Resistant Bacteria and Yeasts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microorganism Strains
2.2. Antimicrobial Tests
2.3. Molecular Biology
2.3.1. Genome Sequencing
2.3.2. Genome Deposition
2.3.3. Taxonomic Position of Streptomyces Isolates Using a Maximum-Likelihood Phylogeny
2.3.4. Secondary Metabolite Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Microbial Characterization
3.2. Antimicrobial Activities of the Isolated Streptomyces Strains
3.3. Genome Assembly of Streptomyces Isolates from the Boho Clay
3.4. Prediction of Antibiotic Gene Cluster Similarities
3.5. Streptomyces Isolate Phylogeny
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Permissions
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolate | Colonies | Spores | NaCl (w/v) Tolerance in Growth Media |
---|---|---|---|
Streptomyces sp. isolate McG1 | pale green to green | green to pale | spores to 6%, grows up to 10% |
McG2 | pale green to green | green to pale | grows and spores up to 10% |
McG3 | pale green to green | green to pale | spores to 6%, grows up to 10% |
McG5 | pale green to light brown | pale green to brown | grows and spores up to 10% |
McG6 | pale green to light brown | pale green to brown | grows and spores up to 10% |
McG7 | pale green to light brown | white to brown | spores to 8%, grows up to 10% |
McG8 | pale green to light brown | brown | spores to 6%, grows up to 10% |
Isolate | P. aeruginosa | S. aureus | S. bombicola |
---|---|---|---|
Streptomyces sp. isolate McG1 | 18.3 ± 0.6 | 17.7 ± 0.6 | R |
McG2 | 16.5 ± 0.5 | 17.3 ± 0.6 | R |
McG3 | 19.0 ± 1.0 | 20.3 ± 0.6 | R |
McG5 | R | R | 14.7 ± 2.1 |
McG6 | R | R | 11.3 ± 1.5 |
McG7 | R | R | R |
McG8 | R | R | R |
Antibiotic (µg) | S. aureus | P. aeruginosa | S. bombicola |
---|---|---|---|
Teicoplanin 20 | 13.7 ± 0.6 | NA | NA |
Cefoxitin 20 | R | NA | NA |
Gentamicin 20 | NA | 19.3 ± 0.6 | NA |
Kanamycin 20 | NA | 21.7 ± 0.6 | NA |
Chlorhexidine 40 | NA | NA | 15.0 ± 1.0 |
Vancomycin 5 | 17.0 ± 1.0 | R | NA |
Ampicillin 10 | R | R | NA |
Ciprofloxacin 1 | 20 0 ± 1.0 | 23.0 ± 1.0 | NA |
Tetracycline 30 | 33 0 ± 3.0 | R | NA |
Isolate | Size (Mb) | Contig Numbers | Contig N50 (Kb) | Longest Contig (Kb) | Biosynthetic Gene Clusters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
McG2 | 6.912 | 1189 | 9.0 | 70.7 | 25 |
McG3 | 8.720 | 586 | 23.6 | 125.6 | 39 |
McG5 | 7.026 | 1079 | 11.8 | 70.7 | 27 |
McG6 | 6.874 | 1524 | 7.3 | 62.2 | 24 |
McG7 | 7.143 | 465 | 26.0 | 82.9 | 12 |
McG8 | 7.304 | 653 | 18.3 | 62.7 | 12 |
Gene Cluster | Shared | BGC Data Link | Streptomyces Isolates McG | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 * | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||
Cypemycin | 77% | BGC0000582_c1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||
Candicidin A | 66% | BGC0000034_c1 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||||
Griseochelin | 84% | BGC0001821_c1 | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
SGR_PTMs | 83% | BGC0001043_c1 | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
Cyslabdan | 81% | BGC0001910_c1 | ✔ | ✔ |
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Quinn, G.A.; Abdelhameed, A.M.; Banat, A.M.; Alharbi, N.K.; Baker, L.M.; Castro, H.C.; Dyson, P.J.; Facey, P.D.; Cobice, D.; Terra, L.; et al. Streptomyces Isolates from the Soil of an Ancient Irish Cure Site, Capable of Inhibiting Multi-Resistant Bacteria and Yeasts. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 4923. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114923
Quinn GA, Abdelhameed AM, Banat AM, Alharbi NK, Baker LM, Castro HC, Dyson PJ, Facey PD, Cobice D, Terra L, et al. Streptomyces Isolates from the Soil of an Ancient Irish Cure Site, Capable of Inhibiting Multi-Resistant Bacteria and Yeasts. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(11):4923. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114923
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuinn, Gerry A., Alyaa M. Abdelhameed, Aiya M. Banat, Nada K. Alharbi, Laura M. Baker, Helena Carlo Castro, Paul J. Dyson, Paul D. Facey, Diego Cobice, Luciana Terra, and et al. 2021. "Streptomyces Isolates from the Soil of an Ancient Irish Cure Site, Capable of Inhibiting Multi-Resistant Bacteria and Yeasts" Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 4923. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114923